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71.
Infections with high levels of gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) isolates of Enterococcus faecalis are common in Tehran hospitals. Genes encoding such resistance are transmissible by conjugation at high frequency. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of Tn5281 and its flanking aminoglycoside modifying enzyme gene aac(6')-aph(2") among 102 HLGR isolates of E. faecalis cultured from patients at three hospitals in Tehran, Iran. These isolates were detected by disks containing 120 microg of gentamicin and made 65% of all E. faecalis during the study period. DNA was extracted from HLGR isolates and subjected to PCR assays targeting aac(6')-aph(2") and conjugative transposon Tn5281. The amplified aac(6')-aph(2") gene was labeled with digoxigenin and probed with Tn5281 amplicons in dot blot hybridization assays. The aac(6')-aph(2") gene was detected in 91%-92% (n = 93) of the HLGR isolates. All isolates containing aac(6')-aph(2") were positive in long-PCR targeting Tn5281 and the probe hybridized with Tn5281 amplicons. The number of HLGR isolates of E. faecalis has increased considerably in Tehran hospitals. Tn5281 is the main cause of transmission of aac(6')-aph(2") to different isolates of E. faecalis in the hospitals studied. 相似文献
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Bagrey MM Ngwira Phillimon Tambala A Maria Perez Cameron Bowie David H Molyneux 《Filaria journal》2007,6(1):1-7
Background
Papua New Guinea is the only endemic country in the Western Pacific Region that has not yet introduced a countrywide programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. However, on Misima Island in Milne Bay Province, government and private sectors have collaborated to implement a pilot elimination programme. Although interim evaluation indicated that the programme has been parasitologically successful, an appreciation that sustainable health gains depend on understanding and accommodating local beliefs prompted this qualitative study.Methods
We investigated Misima community members knowledge and attitudes about lymphatic filariasis and the elimination programme. A combination of focus groups and key informant interviews were used to explore participants perceptions of health; knowledge of the aetiology and symptoms of filariasis, elephantiasis and hydrocele; attitudes towards the disease and mass drug distribution; and the social structure and decision-making protocols within the villages.Results
Focus group discussions proved inferior to key informant interviews for gathering rich data. Study participants did not consider lymphatic filariasis ("pom") a major health problem but were generally positive about mass drug administration campaigns. A variety of conditions were frequently and incorrectly attributed to filariasis. Participants expressed the belief that individuals infected with filariasis always had visible manifestations of disease. A common misconception was that taking drugs during campaigns provided long-term immunity against disease. The role of mosquito vectors in transmission was not generally appreciated and certain clinical presentations, particularly hydrocele, were associated with supernatural forces. Multiple adverse events were associated with mass drug administration campaigns and most study participants mentioned community members who did not participate in campaigns.Conclusion
Important issues requiring educational intervention and elimination activity modification in the Misima region were identified during this study. Research outcomes should assist Papua New Guinea in developing and implementing a national elimination strategy and inform discussions regarding the appropriateness of current elimination strategies. 相似文献76.
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Feizabadi MM Ghodousi A Nomanpour B Omrani M Shahcheraghi F 《Journal of microbiological methods》2011,84(1):144-146
A modified pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) protocol was developed and applied to clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci to reduce the cost of using lysostaphin. This protocol reduces the expenses of PFGE typing of S. aureus and enterococci as it removes the use of lysostaphin during the spheroplast formation from these bacteria. 相似文献
78.
Mirjafari H Farragher TM Verstappen SM Yates A Bunn D Marshall T Lunt M Symmons DP Bruce IN 《Arthritis research & therapy》2011,13(5):R159
Introduction
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with inflammatory polyarthritis (IP), especially in seropositive disease. In established rheumatoid arthritis (RA), insulin resistance (IR) is increased and associated with CVD. We investigated factors associated with IR in an inception cohort of patients with early IP. 相似文献79.
The dynamic and mechanical properties of mammalian neural microtubules have been widely studied; however, similar knowledge about these properties is limited for non-neural microtubules, which, unlike neural microtubules, consist of different β-tubulin isotypes. In this study, we report, for the first time, an estimated value for the persistence length of a single non-neural microtubule polymerized from purified tubulin from human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 tubulin). The method of measurement is based on an analysis of the local curvature of a microtubule as a result of thermal fluctuations. In parallel, we measured the persistence length of a single bovine brain microtubule under similar conditions. The results of our measurements indicate a higher value for the persistence length of MCF7 microtubules in vitro as compared to the persistence length of a neural microtubule. The difference can be associated with different β-tubulin isotypes in the structure of MCF7 microtubules. 相似文献
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